Cigarettes labeled Lamp , Lightweight, or Low-Tar, are considered to have a lighter and less prominent taste than regular cigarettes. These cigarette brands may be listed as having lower levels of tar, nicotine, or other chemicals (such as "smoked" by tobacco engines). However, the scientific evidence is that switching from regular cigarettes to light or low-tar cigarettes does not reduce the risk of smoking health or reduce smokers' exposure to nicotine, tar, and carcinogens present in cigarette smoke.
The filter design, which may include perforated holes, is one of the main differences between a light and ordinary cigarette. In some light cigarettes, filters are perforated with tiny holes that theoretically disperse tobacco smoke with clean air. In regular cigarettes, filters do not include these perforations. In ultra-light cigarettes, filter perforations are even larger, and in theory, they produce smaller air-smoke ratios. None of these ventilation techniques reduce the danger, and some may increase it; they are designed to provide better readings in smoking machine tests while minimizing inhaled human smokers.
Smokers and teenagers generally mistakenly believe that "light" cigarettes are less harmful and less addictive. Use of descriptors like "light" or "light" has been banned in the European Union, Australia, Malaysia, the Philippines, the United States and other countries. Tobacco manufacturers use color coding to allow consumers to distinguish between regular and light brands, using lighter colors and silver for "light" cigarettes. A dark brown plain packaging reduces this misperception.
Video Lights (cigarette type)
History
Filter Cigarettes
The 1950s gave birth to many scientific studies proving the connection between cigarettes and cancer (see Wynder and Graham, 1950; Doll and Hill, 1952, 1954; Hammond and Horn, 1958). In response to these studies and their perceived threats to the tobacco industry's future profitability, tobacco companies are experimenting with new modifications to cigarette design. By changing the design of cigarettes, tobacco companies hope to create "safer" cigarettes that will be more attractive to consumers who are increasingly health conscious. The addition of filters is one of the first industrial design modifications, and filters will be critical for the development of low light and tar products later on. Claiming that filtered cigarettes literally "filter" many of the harmful tar and carcinogenic particles found in ordinary cigarettes, tobacco companies promote "relative product safety" to convince smokers to continue smoking. Because filtered cigarettes are described as relatively safer and less dangerous, smokers who worry about the negative health effects of tobacco are led to believe that by switching to screened cigarettes they will minimize the adverse effects of smoking on their health. As a result, millions of smokers turn to filtered cigarettes instead of stopping completely. In 1960, filtered cigarettes had become a leading tobacco product.
Making "light" cigarettes
In addition to promoting filtered cigarettes in response to smokers' health problems, the tobacco industry also pours resources to develop cigarettes that will produce tar and nicotine yields measured on lower machines when tested by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). This effort resulted in the introduction and promotion of "light" cigarette weight during the 1970s. The new lightweight cigarette is designed using special perforated filters with small holes; This perforated filter allegedly offset the concentration of hazardous smoke being inhaled with clean air. However, the most important for the tobacco industry is that light cigarettes produce lower tar and nicotine levels when tested with FTC smoke engines.
Maps Lights (cigarette type)
In 1997, light cigarette advertising accounted for fifty percent of the tobacco industry's advertising spend. Through heavy marketing, the tobacco industry has successfully led its consumer base to believe that light products are safer than ordinary brands, and as such, this product is a rational choice for smokers who care about their health. As a result of these widespread and implicit health claims, the popularity of both light and low-tar cigarettes is rapidly increasing. In fact, the market share of light cigarettes grew from 2.0 percent in 1967 to 83.5 percent of the tobacco market in 2005.
Health claim
ISO wash method
Light, light, and low-tar cigarette packets are often labeled as "low tar and nicotine" and also list lower levels of tar and nicotine than those found on regular cigarette packs. The lower tar and nicotine figures found on cigarette packs represent the level produced when the machine is "smoked" by the smoking machine test method. Developed by the FTC in 1967, the smoking machine test method was created to determine the outcome of cigarettes by "smoking" in standard mode with machines; This test method is also known as the method of machine-smoking International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While the FTC has always acknowledged that smoking machines do not mimic human smoking and that no two human smokers smoke in the same way, the FTC initially did not recognize the ability of the tobacco industry to design cigarettes that produce low tar and nicotine levels when the engine is hooded, but producing a much higher rate when smoked by humans.
Cigarette modification and smoking "compensation"
Light cigarettes basically deceive cigarette machines through several techniques. A light cigarette filter punctured by small holes, for example, is opened when inhaled by the machine, and consequently, cigarette smoke is greatly diluted with air and causes machines to report low levels of nicotine and tar. When smoked by human smokers, on the contrary, these filters are usually covered by lips and finger smokers. As a result, the filter hole is closed and the light cigarette actually becomes equivalent to a regular cigarette. Some tobacco manufacturers also increase the length of paper wrapping that covers cigarette filters; this modification serves to reduce the number of "puffs" available for machine tests and limit the amount of tobacco to a "smoking" machine. In fact, however, the tobacco found beneath this paper wrapper "non-smoking" by the machine is still available and smoked by human smokers.
Human action "compensation" is probably the most important field in which ISO-machine-smoking methods produce misleading results. Unlike machines, human smokers are often highly addicted to nicotine in cigarettes, and consequently, smokers change their smoking behavior to consume the amount of nicotine needed to satisfy their cravings. Compensatory behavior is most common when a smoker switches from a regular cigarette to a light cigarette. Many scientific studies reveal that smokers compensate for lower amounts of nicotine by actively changing their smoking habits and even increasing the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Smokers adjust their smoking techniques by smoking their cigarettes "more intensively". More intensive smoking is achieved by taking larger, faster, and more frequent puffs, by inhaling deeper, by smoking more cigarettes per day, and/or reflexively blocking the cigarette filter. Because of this smoking compensation behavior, cigarette smokers inhaled nicotine and tar significantly more than what was measured by the ISO-machine-smoking method.
Scientific conclusion
According to a 2004 Surgeon General report, "Smoking cigarettes with lower yields of tar and nicotine does not provide a clear benefit to health." The tobacco industry's internal document itself also reveals that cigarette manufacturers are aware of the difference between nicotine and tar levels measured by the machine, and which smokers actually breathe in. The industry is also aware of the compensatory behavior that smokers do when smoking with cigarettes.
Research on low nicotine cigarettes and their effects on smoking frequency
A recent small-scale study led by nicotine researcher Neal Benowitz found that smokers who switched to tobacco with less tobacco-containing nicotine did not compensate for smoking more cigarettes, although a small percentage of smokers in the study withdrew from the study. the dislike of the cigarettes that diminishes the nicotine. These results are very different from those obtained in previous studies by Benowitz and others, where a nicotine-based reduction of the filter was found to result in smoking compensatory behavior. According to a USCF article in this study, Benowitz wanted to simulate a public scenario in which the nicotine content of cigarettes would be progressively regulated downward.
According to a more recent Washington Post article, the US FDA has supported a study of low nicotine cigarettes because it weighs on the strength of its new regulation. The new forces include the power to regulate the level of nicotine in cigarettes and given to the FDA by the Tobacco Control Act of 2009.
Regulations on light cigarettes
AS
In June 2009, the United States Senate passed an anti-smoking bill described by USA Today as "the most extensive tobacco control measure ever endorsed by Congress," and this law directly affects the marketing and consumption of light tobacco products. In addition to providing FDA regulatory power over all tobacco products, the bill severely limits the marketing strategies of the tobacco industry before, many of which rely on implicit health claims about their products. According to the bill, cigarette manufacturers are also prohibited from using product descriptors such as "light," "low-tar," and "mild."
Critics of the question of whether legislation will have a significant impact on the pervasive tobacco market today. For one, the bill does not specify acceptable words to distinguish light cigarettes from other cigarettes. Cigarette manufacturers quickly respond to this gap by strategically coloring their products so Camel Lamps, for example, are now Camel Blue. Nik Modi, a tobacco industry analyst, acknowledged that banning terms like "mild" and "low tar" would not affect the tobacco market because smokers had "got used to the color code."
Note
References
Benowitz, Neal L., Peyton Jacob III, John T. Bernert, Margaret Wilson, Langing Wang, and Delia Dempsey. "Exposure of Carcinogens during a Short-Term Transition from Regular to" Light "Cigarettes." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14 (2005): 1376-383. Web. Apr. 18th. 2010. & lt; http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/14/6/1376.full>.
Further reading
- Nicotine marketing
- Brandt, Allan M. 2007. The cigarette age: The rise, fall, and deadly persistence of the products that define America. New York: Basic Book.
External links
- Legacy Tobacco Document Library
- NCI Fact Sheet: The Truth About "Lightweight" Cigarettes
- Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
- Tobacco and Tobacco Products ISO
- How to Stop Smoking
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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