Smokey Bear is an American ad mascot created by Ad Council with artist Albert Staehle, perhaps in collaboration with art writer and critic Harold Rosenberg. It is administered by the Admiral Council, the US Forest Service, and the State Forestry Association to educate the public about the dangers of forest fires. A campaign featuring Smokey and the slogan "Smokey Says - Care Will Prevent 9 of 10 Forest Fires" began in 1944. The next slogan, "Remember... Only YOU Can Prevent Forest Fires" was made in 1947. In April 2001 , the message was updated to "Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires." According to the Ad Council, he and his message are recognized in the United States by 95% of adults and 77% of children.
In 1952, songwriters Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins had a successful song called "Smokey the Bear". The couple said "the" was added to the Smokey name to keep the rhythm of the song. During the 1950s, the name variant became widespread both in popular speech and in print, including at least one of the standard encyclopedias. A 1955 book in the Small Book of Gold series is called Smokey the Bear and he calls himself by this name in the book. It describes him as an orphan who was rescued after a forest fire in the Sandia Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico. From the beginning, his name was deliberately spelled differently from the "smoky" adjective.
Smokey Bear's name and picture are protected by US federal law, the Smokey Bear Act of 1952 (16 U.S.C. 580 (p-2); 18 U.S.C. 711).
Video Smokey Bear
Initial campaign
Although the US Forest Service battled forest fires long before World War II, the war brought new importance and urgency to the effort. The forest service started using colorful posters to educate Americans about the dangers of forest fires. Since most able-bodied men have served in the armed forces, no one can escape to fight forest fires on the West Coast. The hope is that local people, who are educated about the dangers of forest fires, can prevent them from starting.
On August 13, 1942, Disney's fifth animated film, Bambi , aired in New York City. Soon after, Walt Disney let his character appear in a public fire prevention service campaign. However, Bambi is only lent to the government for a year, so a new symbol is required. A bear is selected. His name was inspired by "Smokey" Joe Martin, a hero of the New York City Fire Department who suffered burns and blindness during a brave 1922 rescue.
Smokey's debut poster was released on August 9, 1944, which is considered a character's birthday. Surrounded by the Cooperative Forest Fire Prevention Campaign, the first poster is illustrated by Albert Staehle. Inside Smokey is depicted in jeans and a campaign hat, pouring a bucket of water into a bonfire. The message below reads, "Smokey says - Care will prevent 9 out of 10 wildfires!" Knickerbocker Bears was licensed to produce the Smokey Bear doll in 1944. Also in 1944, Forest Service worker Rudy Wendelin became a full-time campaign artist; he was considered a "manager" of Smokey Bear until Wendelin retired in 1973.
In addition, during World War II, the Japanese Empire considered forest fires as a possible weapon. During Lookout Air Raids in September 1942, the Japanese military attempted unsuccessfully to burn coastal forests in southwestern Oregon. US planners also hope that if Americans know how forest fires will endanger the war effort, they will work together with the Forest Service to remove any kind of fire. The Japanese military renewed their fire strategy at the end of the war: from November 1944 to April 1945, launched about 9,000 balloons of fire into the jet stream, with an estimated 10% reaching the US In the end the balloon bomb caused a total of six fatalities: five schoolchildren and their teachers, Elsie Mitchell, who was killed by one of the bombs near Bly, Oregon, on May 5, 1945. A memorial was set up in what is now called the Mitchell Recreation Area.
In 1947, the slogan associated with Smokey Bear for more than five decades was finally created: "Remember... only YOU can prevent forest fires." In 2001, it was officially changed to replace "forest fires" with "forest fires," as a reminder that other areas (such as grasslands) are also threatened with fire.
Maps Smokey Bear
Live symbol
The live symbol Smokey Bear is a three-month-old black bear, which in the spring of 1950 was caught in the Capitan Gap fire, a wild fire that burned 17,000 acres (69Ã, km 2 ) in the Lincoln National Forest, in the Mountains Capitan New Mexico. Smokey had climbed a tree to escape the flames, but his legs and hind legs had been burned. According to some stories, he was rescued by a guard after the fire, but according to the New Mexico State Forestry Division, it was actually a group of soldiers from Fort Bliss, Texas, who came to help fight the fire, who found the bear child and brought him back to the camp.
Initially he was called Hotfoot Teddy , but he later renamed Smokey, after the mascot. There are conflicting stories about the individual or individual who first helped take care of his child after the fire. According to news of Homer C. Pickens' New York Times death, the Assistant Director of the Department of Game and Fish of New Mexico, he kept his son at home for a while, trying to take care of him back to health. According to other notes, including the story in Life magazine, the New Mexico Game Department and Fish Ranger Ray Bell took him to Santa Fe, where he, his wife, Ruth, and their children Don and Judy treated the boy. The story was picked up by the national news service and Smokey became a celebrity. Soon after, Smokey was flown by Piper Cub plane to the National Zoo in Washington, DC A special room was set up for him at St. Zoo. Louis to stop overnight fuel during the trip, and when he arrived at the National Zoo, several hundred spectators, including Scout members, Scouts, photographers, and the media, were there to greet him.
Smokey Bear lives in the National Zoo for 26 years. During that time he received millions of visitors as well as so many letters addressed to him (up to 13,000 a week) that in 1964 the United States Postal Service gave him his own postal code (20252). She developed a love for peanut butter sandwich, in addition to the daily diet of bluefish and trout.
After his death on November 9, 1976, the remains of Smokey were returned by the government to Capitan, New Mexico, and were buried in what is now the Smokey Bear Historical Park. He was buried in a metal box starting about 10 Ã, pm. A group of hunters from Houston, who happened to be in the nearby Smokey Bear Cafe, helped in burial. Two of the hunters reported that the possible reason for burial at night was that freezing was expected the next morning so the grave needed to be closed before that, or that the forest rangers wanted the least publicity possible. The plaque on the cemetery reads, "This is the first Smokey Bear retreat that lives... a living symbol of forest fire prevention and wildlife conservation." The Washington Post contains a semi-humorous obituary for Smokey, labeled "Bear", calling it a transplanted New Mexico native who has lived for many years in Washington, D.C., with many years of government service. It also mentions his family, including his wife, Goldie Bear, and Little Smokey's "adopted child". Obituaries note that Smokey and Goldie are not relatives, despite the fact that they share the same "last name" of "Bear". The Wall Street Journal included an obituary for Smokey Bear on the front page of the paper, November 11, 1976, and so many newspapers including articles and obituaries that the National Zoo archive includes four complete scrapbooks intended for them (Series 12, box 66-67).
Smokey Bear II Smokey Bear II
In 1962 Smokey was paired with a female bear, "Goldie Bear", in the hope that the Smokey descendants would probably take over the Smokey Bear title. In 1971, when the couple still produced nothing, the zoo added "Little Smokey", another orphaned child from Lincoln Forest, to their cage - announcing that the couple had "adopted" the child.
On May 2, 1975, Smokey Bear officially "retired" from his role as a live mascot, and the title, "Smokey Bear II", was awarded to Little Smokey in an official ceremony. He died August 11, 1990.
After his death, the remnants of Smokey were transferred to the US Forest Service facility at Capitan, where he was buried. This facility is now the center of forest fire/Smokey interpretive. In the garden adjacent to the interpretive center is the tomb of the bear. Thousands each year stop by to pay their respects.
Popularity
Character became an important part of American popular culture in the 1950s. He appeared on radio programs, on comic strips, and in cartoons.
In 1952, after Smokey Bear attracted a large commercial interest, the Smokey Bear Act, an act of Congress, was authorized to remove characters from the public domain and place it under the control of the Secretary of Agriculture. Measures provided for the use of the Smokey royalty to continue education on forest fire prevention. More than three million dollars have been collected.
The Smokey Bear doll was produced by Ideal Toys starting in 1952; The doll included a postcard-in for the kids to become a jungle keeper. In three years, half a million children have signed up. In April 1964, the character was given its own postal code (zip code): 20252.
In 1955, the first children's book was published, followed by many sequels and coloring books. Soon, thousands of dolls, toys, and other collectibles were on the market.
During the 1950s and 1960s, Ad Council sponsored radio advertisements, featuring Smokey Bear "in conversation" with leading American celebrity stars such as Bing Crosby, Art Linkletter, Dinah Shore and Roy Rogers.
In 1959, on the episode of Rocky and Friends, there was a Dudley Do-Right episode titled "Stokey The Bear" which was a Smokey parody. As a result, this episode is removed from further distribution. However, it was revived on DVD in 2005 for "The Complete Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends".
Smokey names and pictures have been lent to the Smokey Bear Awards, provided by the US Forest Service to "recognize exceptional services in forest fire prevention and to enhance public recognition and awareness of the need to continue fire prevention efforts. "
The Beach Boys carry a Smokey the Bear reminder on their 1964 album "All Summer Long" in the song "Drive-In" in the line "If you say you're watching your movie are some liar and" Just remember you can prevent forest fires. "
Although Smokey was initially interested in wearing a US National Park Service campaign cap (which in turn came from a cavalry that protected the early US national park), the hat itself became famous for being associated with the Smokey cartoon character. Thus, sometimes these days are called "Smokey Bear" caps by both state military and police branches that still use them. Therefore, truck drivers often refer to state police officers as "Smokey" or "bear".
Legacy
For Smokey's 40th birthday in 1984, he got a stamp from the United States depicting a child hanging on a burning tree. It is illustrated by Rudy Wendelin. The ad for his 50th birthday describes a jungle animal going to hold a surprise birthday party for Smokey, with a cake with candles. When Smokey came with his eyes closed, he smelled the smoke, not realizing it was a birthday candle for his birthday. He uses his shovel to destroy the cake. When he opened the blindfold, he saw that it was a birthday cake for him and apologized.
In 2004, Smokey's 60th birthday was celebrated in several ways, including the Senate resolution adopted on August 9, 2004, as "The 60th Anniversary of Smokey Bear", called on the President to issue a proclamation "calling on the people of the United States to observe the day by ceremony and proper activities. "
According to Richard Earle, author of The Art of Cause Marketing, the Smokey Bear campaign is the most powerful and durable ad of all public service advertisements: "Smokey is simple, powerful, straightforward.He is a denizen of those forests that you visit, and he cares about preserving them.Everyone who grows watch Bambi realizes how horrible the forest fires can be.But Smokey will not run Smokey strong.He will stay and fight the fire if necessary, but he is more like you to wear it and cover it so he does not have to. "
On Memorial Day found Smokey Bear in Capitan Gap fire May 9, 2000, Marianne Gould from Smokey Bear Ranger District, Eddie Tudor from Smokey Bear Museum and Neal Jones from local Ruidoso, New Mexico radio station created "Smokey Bear" Day. celebrating fire fighting messages from the Smokey Bear campaign as well as preserving the jungle environment with music concerts, chainsaw carving contests, "fire fighting, food, vendor and parade" gathering competitions. "Smokey Bear Days" was held in the Smokey town of Capitan, New Mexico on the first weekend of May each year.
In 2008 to 2011, new ads featuring Smokey created in CGI have been released.
Sound
Washington, DC, WMAL radio station personality Jackson Weaver served as the main voice representing Smokey until Weaver's death in October 1992. Others who have voted for Smokey include Jim Cummings, Roger C. Carmel, Jack Angel, Los Angeles KNX's George radio station Walsh, and Gene Moss. In June 2008, the Forest Service launched a new series of public service announcements voiced by actor Sam Elliott, simultaneously giving Smokey a new visual design intended to attract young adults. Patrick Warburton gives the voice of an anonymous park guard.
Adaptations
Smokey Bear - and character parody - has appeared in animation for over fifty years. In 1956, he made a cameo appearance in Walt Disney's short film
Rankin/Bass Production, in collaboration with Tumenito Mochinaga's MOM Production in Japan, produced a special animated "Animagic" stop motion television show, The Ballad of Smokey the Bear, narrated by James Cagney. Aired on November 24, 1966 as part of General Electric Fantasy Hour on NBC. During the 1969-1970 television season, Rankin/Bass also produced the weekly Saturday Morning cartoon series for ABC, The Smokey Bear Show. The series is animated by Toei Animation in Japan.
The songs of Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins "Smokey the Bear" have been covered by the Canned Heat group, among others. The song is on their CD The Boogie House Tapes 1969-1999 .
"Smokey the Bear Sutra" is a 1969 poem by Gary Snyder, who presents environmental issues in the form of Buddhist sutras, and describes Smokey as the reincarnation of the Great Sun Buddha.
Fire ecology
The Smokey Bear campaign has been criticized by forest fire policy experts in cases where decades of fire suppression and genuine fire ecology were not considered, creating a densely packed forest with fuel. Low intensity forest fires are an integral component of certain ecosystems that evolve depending on natural fires for vitality, rejuvenation, and regeneration. An example is a chaparral and cone-covered pine forest habitat, requiring fire for seeds and cones to grow. Forest fires also play a role in the preservation of pine pine, which adapts well to small land fires and relies on periodic fires to eliminate competing species.
When brush, forest, or wooded areas are not exposed to fire for long periods, large numbers of flammable leaves, twigs and other organic materials tend to accumulate on the forest floor and over the bushes. When forest fires finally occur, fuel increases create a flame of the crown, which destroys all vegetation and affects surface chemistry. Often small 'natural' soil fires prevent fuel accumulation and allow large slow growing vegetation (eg trees) to survive. There is an increase in the use of controlled burns directed by skilled firefighters, and allowing wildfire fires does not pose a danger or threat to humans to burn.
The goals and themes of the Smokey Bear campaign were adjusted in the 2000s, from "Only you can prevent forest fires" until "Only you can prevent forest fires". The aim is to respond to criticism, and to distinguish between deliberate and accidental 'forest fires' from sustainable forest needs through 'good' natural fire ecology.
See also
Media related to Smokey Bear in Wikimedia Commons
- Johnny Horizon
- Mark the Path
- Woodsy Owl
References
External links
- SmokeyBear.com
- Smokey Bear related media clusters
- The Real Smokey Bear - slideshow by Life magazine
- Inventory of Rudolph Wendelin Papers, 1930 - 2005 at Forest History Society's Library and Archives, Durham, NC
- Smokey Bear Days
- Short film Smokey Bear History (ncwg.gov) is available for free download on the Internet Archive
- Smokey's Story, from Texas Archive of the Moving Image
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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