Fire protection is the study and practice to reduce the unwanted effects of potentially damaging fires. It involves the study of the behavior, compartmentalization, suppression and investigation of fires and related emergencies, as well as research and development, production, testing and implementation of the mitigation system. In the structure, whether they are landline, offshore or even ship, owners and operators are responsible for maintaining their facilities in accordance with legally rooted design principles, including local building codes and fire codes, imposed by the Jurisdiction Authority.
Buildings should be built in accordance with the version of building codes that apply when an application for building permits is created. The building inspector checks for building compliance under construction with building codes. After construction is completed, the building must be maintained in accordance with current fire codes, which are imposed by fire suppression officers from local firefighters. In the event of a fire emergency, firefighters, firefighters, and other fire suppression personnel are called to reduce, investigate, and learn from fire damage. Lessons learned from fires are applied to the writing of building codes and fire codes.
Video Fire protection
Classifying api
When deciding what fire protection is appropriate for a given situation, it is important to assess the type of fire hazard that may be encountered.
Some jurisdictions operate a fire classification system using code letters. While this may agree on some classifications, they also vary. Below is a table showing standards that are operated in Europe and Australia against systems used in the United States.
1
Fires are sometimes categorized as "one alarm" alarm, "two alarms", "three alarms" (or higher). There is no standard definition for what this means quantitatively, although it always refers to a level response by a local authority. In some cities, numerical ratings refer to the number of fire stations that have been summoned to fire. In another, the count counts the number of "shipments" for additional personnel and equipment.
Maps Fire protection
Components
Fire protection in land-based buildings, offshore construction or onboard vessels is usually achieved through all of the following:
- Passive fire protection - installation of fire fences and floor-mounted assemblies to form fire compartments intended to limit the spread of fire, high temperatures, and smoke.
- Active fire protection - automatic and manual detection and fire fighting, such as fire-fighting systems and systems (fire alarms).
- Education - Providing information on passive and active fire protection systems for building owners, operators, residents, and emergency personnel so that they have a working understanding of the intent of this system and how they work in the fire safety plan.
Balanced Approach
Passive fire protection (PFP) in the form of compartmentalization was developed prior to the invention or widespread use of active fire protection (AFP), especially in the form of automatic fire sprinkler systems. During this time, PFP is the dominant mode of protection provided in the design of the facility. With the widespread installation of fire sprinklers in the last 50 years, the dependence on PFP as the only approach has been reduced. Lobby groups are usually divided into two camps that support active or passive fire protection. Each camp tries to gather more business for itself through its influence in building or changing local and national buildings and fire codes.
Relatively new based on or based on codes based on , which has a greater emphasis on survival than property protection, tends to support AFP initiatives, and may lead to justification for levels of construction that are rated to be fire resistant. Sometimes it works the other way around, because firewalls protruding through roof structures are used to "fragment" buildings in such a way that separate parts are smaller areas and contain less fire hazards, and do not necessarily require sprinklers.
The decision to support AFP versus PFP in new building designs may be influenced by life-cycle costs. The cost of the life cycle can be shifted from capital to operational budget and vice versa.
Building Operation in accordance with Design
Fire protection in the structure is a system that depends on all its components. The building is designed in accordance with local building codes and fire codes by architects and other consultants. Building permits are issued after being reviewed by the Jurisdictional Authority (AHJ).
The deviation from the original plan should be known by AHJ to ensure that the change is still in accordance with the law to prevent unsafe conditions that may violate the law and make people at risk. For example, if a firestop system within the structure is not operable, a significant portion of the fire safety plan may be compromised in case of fire because walls and floors containing firestops are intended to have a fireproof rating. Similarly, if a water spray system or fire alarm system can not operate due to lack of proper maintenance, the likelihood of damage or personal injury increases.
See also
Note
Further reading
- Huang, Kai. 2009. Population and Building Factors Affecting Residential Fire Rates in Large US Cities. Applied Research Project. Texas State University. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/287/.
External links
- National Fire Protection Association (USA)
- National Fire Sprinkler Association (USA)
- Fire Equipment Manufacturers Association (USA)
- Fire Safety Advice Center (UK)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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