Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)

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The timeline of the invention of the United States (prior to 1890) included the sophistication and innovative progress of the United States in its historical context, derived from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age, achieved by the inventors of either native or born-natural United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to first-to-find claims of the original of the invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the Constitution of the United States, which gives the following mention of powers to the United States Congress :

In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the Massachusetts General Court for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the 1790 Patent Act (1 Stat 109) into law stating that the patent should be authorized to "benefit art, manufacture, machinery, machinery, or devices, or what improvements even before it is known or used ". On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont became the first person in the United States to file and be granted a patent for the better "Making Pots and Pearls Ashes" method. The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarifies the law of the United States patent up to the level of establishment of the patent office in which the patent application is filed, processed and given, depending on the language and scope of the invention of the claimant. , for a patent of 14 years with an extension of up to 7 additional years. However, the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994 (URAA) amends the patent term in the United States to a total of 20 years, effective for a patent application filed on or after June 8, 1995, thereby bringing the United States patent law further into conformity with international patent law. The provisions of modern law applied to the invention are set forth in Title 35 of the United States Code (Ch 950, sec 1, 66 Stat. 792).

From 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well known inventions that appear along the timeline below.

Video Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)

Colonial Period (1500 -175)

1717 Swim fins

• The swimming fins, also known as fins, or fins, are knife-shaped extensions worn on the feet or hands for use in water. They help movements in water sports such as swimming, surfing and diving underwater. Swim fins are usually made of rubber or plastic. Benjamin Franklin discovered the wooden fin fin in 1717. The original design consisted of a 10-inch (250 mm) palette and a width of 6 inches (150 mm). Contrary to the current swim-fin version of swimming worn on the feet, the Franklin swim fins were originally intended for use on a person's hand. Shaped like lily pads or artist's paint pallets, they help achieve higher speeds with each stroke. Franklin has since been awarded honor by being inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

1730 Octant

• An octant, also called "reflecting quadrant", is a measuring instrument used primarily in navigation. It is a type of reflective device that uses a mirror to reflect the path of light to the observer and, in doing so, doubles the measured angle. This allows the instrument to use a one-eight circular arc to measure a quarter of a circle or quadrant. The Octant was created in 1730 by Thomas Godfrey, a glazier in Philadelphia, and independently at the same time in England by mathematician John Hadley, who began working on the same version of octane. Both men have equal and valid claims for octane discovery. Initially this instrument is referred to as "Hadley's quadrant", after the inventors of English. These days are now known as octane, a name given to him by the American inventor, Thomas Godfrey.

1742 Franklin stove

• The Franklin Stove, also known as a circular stove, is a metal-coated fireplace with a baffle on the back to improve airflow, providing more heat and less smoke than a regular open fireplace. The stove became very popular throughout the Thirteen Colonies and gradually replaced the open fireplace. Franklin Stove was invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1742.

1744 Mail order

• A mail-order catalog is a publication listing the general merchandise of a company. Those who publish and operate mail order catalogs are referred to as catalogers in the industry, who also buy or produce goods and then market those items to potential customers. Mail orders use the postal system to request and ship items. According to the National Mail Order Association, Benjamin Franklin invented and conceptualized the catalog of mail orders in 1744.

1749 Lightning rods

• Lightning rod is one of the components in the lightning protection system. In addition to the stems placed periodically at the highest part of the structure, lightning protection systems typically include conductor roof networks, conductive path from roof to ground, bonding connections to metal objects in structures and grounding networks. Individual lightning rods are sometimes called finials, air terminals or breaking devices. In 1749 or 1750, a pointed lightning rod conductor, also called a "lightning strike" or "Franklin rod," is generally thought to have been conceived when Benjamin Franklin came to the conclusion that electricity and lightning were identical and identical. By building a lightning rod originally intended to be decorated above the church tower, Franklin began trying to prove their usefulness to protect people and buildings from lightning. In 1752, Dr. Franklin tied his "electric kite" strap to the insulating silk ribbon for his knuckles. The kite in turn is attached to a metal key. During the storm, witnessed by his son, William Franklin, Dr. Franklin eventually proved that lightning is a form of electricity when a metal key receives an electrical charge from a lightning strike. Thus, the practical use of lightning rods, which is attributed to the inventor Benjamin Franklin, has been confirmed.

1752 Flexible urine catheter

• In medicine, a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into the body cavity, ducts, or vessels. The catheter thus allows drainage, fluid injection, or access by surgical instruments. Before the mid-18th century, catheters were made of rigid wood or animal skin that was not conducive to navigating the curvature of the human urethral anatomy. Extending his appeal to his family's medical problems, Benjamin Franklin invented a flexible catheter in 1752 when his brother John suffered from a bladder stone. Dr. Franklin, a flexible catheter made of metal with segments hinged together to keep the wire closed inside to increase the stiffness during insertion.

1761 Armonica

• Also known as harmonica glass or armonica glass, Benjamin Franklin invented the instrument in 1761, the arrangement of glasses after seeing a wine glass filled with water played by Edmund Delaval in Cambridge, England. Dr. Franklin, who called his discovery "armonica" after the Italian word for harmony, worked with London knife maker Charles James to build it, and it had a world premium in early 1762, played by Marianne Davies. In this version, 37 bowls are mounted horizontally nested in the iron spindle. The entire shaft rotates using a foot-operated treadle. The sound is produced by touching the edges of the bowl with wet fingers. Rims are painted in different colors according to note note.

Maps Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)

Independence and the Federalist Era (1776-1801)

1776 Swivel chair

• Swivel or swivel chair is a chair with one central leg that allows the chair to rotate. Swivel chairs can have wheels on the base allowing users to shift seats around their work area without getting up. Seats of this type are common in modern offices and are often also referred to as office chairs. Using an English-style Windsor chair that might be made and purchased from Francis Trumble or Philadelphia cabinet maker Benjamin Randolph, Thomas Jefferson invented the swivel chair in 1776. Jefferson modified the Windsor chair and combined the top and bottom connected with the spindle central iron, enabling the known top as a chair, to rotate the caster of the type used in the hanging rope window. When the Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, Jefferson's swivel chair was recognized as the place where he drafted the United States Declaration of Independence. Jefferson then had a swivel chair sent to his Virginia plantation, Monticello, where he later built a "paddle" to his side in 1791. Since 1836, the chair was owned by the American Philosophical Society located in Philadelphia.

1782 Flatboat

• Flatboat is a rectangular boat with a flat base and square end that is commonly used for shipping and passengers on inland waterways. After serving on the Pennsylvania Line during the American Revolutionary War, Jacob Yoder discovered and built a large boat at Redstone Red Fort on the Monongahela River, which he brought with flour and brought to New Orleans in May 1782. This was the first attempt to navigate the Ohio and Mississippi rivers for commercial purposes.

1784 Bifocals

• Bifocals are glasses whose corrective lenses contain regions with two different optical strengths. Benjamin Franklin is credited with the invention of the first pair of bifocals in the early 1760s, though according to the Library Company of Philadelphia, the first indication. Franklin wearing double glasses comes from a political cartoon printed in 1764. Many publications from that period and so on refer to Dr.'s double glasses. Franklin, including his first reference to them in a letter written in Paris, France on August 21, 1784, addressed to his personal friend, British philanthropist George Whatley.

1785 Artificial diffraction gratings

• In optics, the diffraction grating is an optical component with a regular pattern, which breaks light into multiple beams. The first manmade diffraction grating was created around 1785 in Philadelphia by David Rittenhouse who installed 50 strands of hair between two fine threaded screws with an approximate distance of about 100 rows per inch.

1787 Flour mill

• Classic factory design is generally supported by water or air. In a water-powered plant, the floodgates open the channel, start the flow of water, and turn the water wheel. In 1787, American inventor Oliver Evans revolutionized this labor-intensive process by building the first automated plant using a bucket elevator, screw conveyor, and hopper boy to spread, cool, and dry food between grinding and bolting. This is the first time anyone has understood and run an automated production system constantly.

1792 Cracker

• Crackers are a kind of biscuit developed from military crackers and ship craft. Crackers are now usually eaten with soup, or given cheese, caviar, or other delicacies. Holes in crackers are called "docking" holes as a means of stopping air bags from forming in the cracker during grilling. Crackers tracked their origin back to 1792 when John Pearson of Newburyport, Massachusetts discovered bakery products like flour and water crackers he called "experimental bread". Succeeding directly with sailors because of his long life, he is also known as hard biscuits or sea biscuits for a trip away from home while at sea.

1793 Cotton gin

• Cotton sugar is a machine that separates cotton fibers from seed bags and sometimes sticky seeds, work previously done by hand. These seeds are used again to grow more cotton or, if badly damaged, discarded. Cotton sugar uses a combination of wire screen and small wire hook to pull the cotton through the screen, while the brush keeps removing the loose cotton cloth to prevent congestion. In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and subsequently received a patent on March 14, 1794. Whitney cotton paddies might have triggered a revolution in the cotton industry and the emergence of "Cotton King" as the main moneymaker in the South. However, it never made him rich. Instead of buying the machine, the peasants built their own inferior version which led to the increasing demand for African-American slave labor.

1795 Wheel cypher

• The Jefferson disk, or wheel cypher, is a password system for encrypting messages and used as a barrier to code breakers. Using 26 wheels, each with alphabet letters arranged randomly around them, Thomas Jefferson invented the zero wheel in 1795. Falling out and out of use and obscurity, the zero wheel was "reinvented" twice: first by the official French government around in 1890, and then shortly before World War I by an officer in the United States Army. Designated as M-94, the latest version was used by the United States Army and other military services from 1922 to early World War II.

1796 Rumford fireplace

• The Rumford Fireplace created a sensation in 1796 when Benjamin Thompson Rumford introduced the idea of ​​limiting the opening of a chimney to increase piracy. The Rumford Fireplace was common from 1796, when Benjamin Rumford first wrote about them, until about 1850. Thomas Jefferson built it in Monticello, and Henry David Thoreau recorded it among the modern conveniences that everyone accepted for granted. Rumford and his workers change the fireplace by inserting bricks into the fireplace to make the sidewalls slant and adding chokes to the chimney to increase the air velocity up to the chimney. It produces efficient airflow, reduces turbulence so that the smoke will rise to the chimney rather than choking the population. The Rumford Fireplaces are rewarded for their classic high elegance and heating efficiency. Simple changes in fireplace designs are copied everywhere in an age when fires are the main source of heat. The Rumford Fireplace is still in use in the 21st century.

1796 Cupcake

• Cupcakes, fairies, patty cakes, or cupcakes are small cakes designed to serve one person, often baked in thin paper or an aluminum cup. Like larger cakes, frosting ornaments and other cakes, such as sprinkles, are common in cupcakes. Early cupcakes reference can be traced as far back as 1796, when the recipe notation "baking cake to be baked in small cups" is written in American Cookery by Amelia Simms. However, the first use of the term "cupcake" is in Seventy-Five Receipts for Pastry, Cakes, and Sweetmeats in 1828 in the Eliza Leslie Cookbook Receipts which refers to the use cup to measure the material.

1801 Suspension bridge

• A suspension bridge is a type of bridge where the deck, the load section, is suspended under a suspension cable on a vertical suspender carrying the deck load below, where traffic passes. Primitive in its earliest form, the ancestor of what is now considered a suspension bridge, a simple suspension bridge, was developed around 2000 BC in China and India, relying on a rope thrown across a narrow gorge or river, from which one can survive as a they crawl across. With the extreme danger of swinging back and forth, these simple suspension bridges are considered impractical because horses and carriages are then difficult to maneuver on their wooden planks. The world's first hanging bridge in the modern sense, Jacob's Creek Bridge is about 70 feet long, created by James Finley of Uniontown, Pennsylvania in 1801, who designed vertical towers to raise the curved iron wires. and to strengthen the framework to create a stack of architecturally sound bridges for passing travelers. Currently, suspension bridges use steel cables. However, the suspension bridge and its basic design, the foundation for which Finley is completely accredited to create, is still evident today on suspension bridges found around the world.

1801 Fire Hydrant

• Fire fires are active fire protection measures, and water sources are provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water services to allow firefighters to enter the city's water supply to help extinguish the fire.. Prior to fire hydrants, a primitive fire suppression system known as a "fire plug" consisted of burying wooden water pipes (often no more than hollow logs) along the way for bucket brigade teams to form and fight fires. The wooden pegs should then be hammered over the fire plugs to stop the flow of water. The invention of the post or pillar hydrants is generally credited to Frederick Graff Sr., Chief Engineer of Philadelphia Water Works around 1801. He has a combination of outlet hose/faucet and wet barrel design with valve on top. It is said that Graff holds the first patent for fire hydrants, but this can not be verified due to the fact that the patent office in Washington DC was burnt to the ground in 1836 where all patent records of that time period were destroyed in the process.. In 1863, Birdsill Holly discovered a modern version of fire hydrant. While Holly is just one of many involved in the development of fire hydrants, the innovations she introduced are largely responsible for the fire hydrants received today. In 1869, Holly issued US patent # 94749, for "enhanced fire hydrant".

1802 Hours Banjo

• The banjo clock is a wall clock with an inverted banyo box. The banjo clock does not usually have a striking mechanism and shows time only by hand and dial, therefore some horologists may insist on calling it a watch rather than a real clock. The clock is usually decorated with a finial at the top. Known as his "patent watch", the banjo clock was created by renowned American watchmaker Simon Willard of Roxbury, Massachusetts, and patented on February 8, 1802.

1804 Burr Truss

• The Burr Arch Truss, Burr Truss, or Burr Arch, is a combination of curves and double truss kingpost designs that are usually implemented in the construction of enclosed bridges. The design principle behind the arch frame of Burr is that the curvature must be able to withstand the overall load on the bridge while the horse framework is used to keep the bridge stiff. In 1804, American architect Theodore Burr, the cousin of United States Vice President, Aaron Burr, designed and built the first Truss Burr on a bridge over the Hudson River in Watertown, New York.

1805 amphibious vehicles

• An amphibious vehicle is one that can be used on land or water. The self-propelled variant was created by Oliver Evans who called it "Orukter Amphibolos". Its steam-powered engine drives wooden wheels or rowing wheels that are used as a means of transportation, on land and in water. Evans showed his machine at Center Square Philadelphia in 1805, built on commission from the Philadelphia Health Council. Evans' steam engine is fundamentally different from later models, operating at high pressure, 25 or 30 pounds. Years later, Evans's invention will be sold for parts. On July 16, 2005, Philadelphia celebrated the 200th anniversary of Oliver Evans Orukter Amphibolos. Many historians describe the discovery of Oliver Evans as the first land and water carrier in the United States.

1805 Vapor compression cooling

• Cooling is the process of removing heat from a confined space, or from a substance, and transferring it to a non-negotiable place. The main purpose of cooling is to lower the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintain a lower temperature. American inventor Oliver Evans, recognized as a "cooling father", invented the steam compression cooling engine in 1805. Heat will be removed from the environment by recycling the evaporated refrigerant, where it will move through the compressor and condenser, where it will eventually return to the liquid form to repeat the cooling process again. However, there is no cooling unit built by Evans. In 1834, Jacob Perkins modified the original design of Evans, building the world's first refrigerator and filed the first legal patent for cooling using vapor compression. John Gorrie, an American doctor from Florida, invented the first mechanical cooling unit in 1841, based on Evans' original discovery to make ice for cooling air for yellow fever patients. Gorrie's mechanical refrigeration unit was issued a patent in 1851. American professor Alexander C. Twining of Cleveland, Ohio patented an initial steam compression refrigerator in 1853 that was fully capable of producing a ton of ice per day. In 1913, the refrigerator for homes and households was used by Fred W. Wolf of Fort Wayne, Indiana with a model consisting of units mounted on ice boxes. The self-contained refrigerator, with a compressor at the bottom of the cabinet was invented by Alfred Mellowes in 1916. Mellowes produced this refrigerator commercially but purchased by William C. Durant in 1918, who started the Frigidaire Company to start the first mass production of the refrigerator.

1806 Coffee percolator

• Coffee percolator is a kind of pot used to brew coffee. In the case of solvent coffee brewing is water, the absorbent substance is the coffee powder, and the soluble constituent is a chemical compound that gives the color, flavor and aroma to the coffee. In 1806, Benjamin Thompson Rumford invented a sealed coffee pot with a metal strainer to remove the soil.

1808 Lobster trap

• The lobster trap is a portable trap that traps crustaceans such as lobster or crayfish and is used in the lobster catching industry. A lobster trap can catch several lobsters at once. The lobster trap was discovered in 1808 by Ebenezer Thorndike of Swampscott, Massachusetts.

1812 Columbiad

• Columbiad is a caliber, caliber, and large-eyed muzzle gun capable of firing heavy projectiles on high and low trajectories. This feature allows columbiad firing shots or shells hard into the distance, making it an excellent seismic defense weapon for its time. Used as an artillery during the 1812 War by the United States against England, Columbiad was discovered around 1812 by George Bomford, a colonel in the United States Army.

1813 Circular saw

• A circular saw is a metal disc or knife with saw teeth on edge and a machine that causes rotating discs. It may be cutting wood or other materials and can be held by hand or table. Tabitha Babbitt is credited with creating the first circular saw for use in the saw mill in 1813.

1815 Dental floss

• The dental thread is a thin nylon filament bundle or plastic tape used to remove food and dental plaque from the teeth. Levi Spear Parmly, a dentist from New Orleans, is credited with discovering the first form of dental floss. He has recommended that people should clean their teeth with silk threads since 1815.

Milling Machine 1816

• The milling machine is a machine tool used to form metals and other solid materials. In contrast to drilling, where drill is moved exclusively along its axis, the grinding operation uses rotary cutting motion to the side as well as 'in and out'. Simeon North is generally credited for discovering and building early, though primitive, milling machines to replace archiving operations around 1816 or earlier.

1818 Profile bubble

• A lathe is an adjustable horizontal metal rail and a resting device, between material and operator that accommodates the position of the shaper. With wood, it is common practice to press and slide the sandpaper paper against a rotating object after forming it to smooth the surface. As the first of its kind, Thomas Blanchard of Middlebury, Connecticut, invented the lathe profile in 1818, intended for duplication of masses of woodworking.

1827 Removable Collar

• The removable collar is a collar separated from the shirt, fastened to the shirt with buttons. Hannah Lord Montague invented a removable collar in Troy, New York in 1827, after she cut the collar of one of her husband's clothes to wash it, and then sew it back.

1829 Graham cracker

• Graham biscuits are cakes or digestive biscuits made with graham flour, a combination of fine white flour and coarse grain bran and grains. Graham's biscuits are often used to make s'mores and pie crusts. Graham's bread was discovered by a Presbyterian minister, Reverend Sylvester Graham in 1829, for his vegetarian diet. Graham bread contains high fiber, made with whole wheat flour that is not sifted and cut into a small box now known as graham cracker.

1830 Platforms scale

• Also known as Fairbanks Scale, the platform scale is a benched scale for measuring the weight balancing of objects loaded on the ground, thus eliminating the use of hoist. After a series of experiments and errors in his design, Thaddeus Fairbanks patented his invention in 1830. E & amp; Fairbanks T & amp; The company, a business partnership between Thaddeus and his brother, Erastus Fairbanks, exports their world-renowned scale to exotic locations such as Britain, China, Cuba, Russia and India due to high demand.

1831 Flanged T rail

• Rail T flanged is an all-iron railway track that has a flat bottom and does not require a chair to hold the rails upright. The "tee" rumble was discovered in May 1831 by an American named Robert L. Stevens of Camden & Amboy Railroad and the Transportation Company, which it contained as it crossed the Atlantic on its way to buy British locomotives. The first 500 T-rails were installed in Philadelphia. They will be employed by railroads throughout the United States and are still visible today.

1831 Double coil magnet

• The double coil magnet is an electromagnet that has multiple wire coils connected in parallel. This increases the total electrical current in the electromagnet and therefore produces a stronger magnetic field. He was discovered by the American scientist Joseph Henry in 1831.

1831 Doorbell (electric)

• The doorbell is a signaling device usually found near the door. It usually emits a ringing sound to alert the occupants of the building to the presence of visitors. The electric bell was invented by Joseph Henry in 1831.

1833 Sewing machine (key stitching)

• Most modern sewing machines use stitching techniques created by Walter Hunt, which consists of two threads, the top and bottom. The top thread runs from the spools stored on the spindle above or next to the machine, through a voltage mechanism, a take-up arm, and finally through a hole in the needle. The bottom thread is wrapped around the coil, which is inserted into the casing at the bottom of the machine. Walter Hunt invented the first stitch sewing machine in 1833. Hunting lost interest and did not patent his invention. In 1846, Elias Howe obtained a patent on the original lock stitch machine, and failed to produce and market it. Isaac Singer violated Howe's patent to create his own machine, making him rich. Elias Howe filed a lawsuit, accusing a patent infringement. On July 1, 1854, a federal commission voted in favor of Howe, ordering Isaac Singer and all the sewing machine makers to pay Elias Howe's royalties.

1834 Combine harvester

• Combined merge, or combine, or thresher, is a machine that combines harvesting, threshing, and cleaning of grain crops. The goal is to complete these three processes, which are usually different, in a single machine over a certain part of the field. The straw wastes left in the field are the rest of the dry stems and leaves of plants with limited nutrients that are chopped or dispersed in the field, or tied to livestock feed. The first combined harvester was created by Hiram Moore in 1834.

1835 Steam shovel

• Steamers are large steam-powered diggers designed to lift and move materials such as rock and soil, usually in the mining industry. Steam shovels consist of buckets, booms and 'scoop sticks', steam boilers, water tanks and coal bunkers, steam engines, and winches. The steam shovel was discovered in 1835 by William Otis, then received a patent for his invention on February 24, 1839.

1835 Compass solar

• A solar compass is a rail compass with a solar attachment that allows the surveyor to determine the north direction with reference to the sun rather than with reference to the magnetic needle. It consists of three arcs: one to establish the latitude of the land to be surveyed; one to regulate sun declination; and one to set the clock in a day. In 1835, a solar compass was invented by William Austin Burt, US Deputy Surveyor who began researching government lands in the Michigan Territory early in 1833. Despite the difficulty of using his standard vernier compass to detect iron ore deposits in the Northwest Territory (now Wisconsin), Burt designing a solar compass so that the chaotic readings of the Earth's magnetic field and the north-south survey line will be easier to find. The patent was granted to Burt on February 25, 1836.

1835 Relay

• Relays are electrical switches that open and close under the control of other electrical circuits. In its original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or more sets of contacts. Relays were created by renowned American scientist Joseph Henry in 1835.

Morse Code 1836

• Morse code is a type of character encoding that transmits telegraphic information using rhythm. Morse code uses the standard short and long element sequences to represent letters, numbers, punctuation, and special characters of a given message. After years of development, the electrical telegraph came to exclusively refer to telegram signals, as the operator made and disconnected the electrical contacts with telegraph keys, generating audible signals at the other end generated by telegraphic sound interpreted and transcribed by the operator. Short and long elements are formed by sounds, marks, or pulsations, in locking and commonly known as "dots" and "lines" or "dits" and "dahs". In 1832, Alfred Vail worked with Samuel Morse, initiating the process of co-inventing the Morse signal alphabet code. After a few minor changes, including the development of a Morse International code different from the original coding system, the American Morse code, Morse code was standardized in 1865 by the International Telegraphy Congress in Paris, France and then made the norm by International Telecommunications. Unity. After 160 years of ongoing use, international regulations beginning on 31 January 1999, no longer require ships at sea to request emergency assistance using Morse code or the famous SOS signals.

1836 Gridiron (cooking)

• Gridiron is a metal bar with a parallel bars normally used for roasting meat, fish, vegetables, or a combination of such foods. There may also be two such grilles, hinged to fold together, to hold food safely while roasting over an open flame. Gridironing is often done outdoors, using charcoal (native wood or preformed briquettes), wood, or propane gas. The earliest Gridiron was a combination of gridiron and hinged spiders discovered in 1836 by Amasa and George Sizer of Meriden, Connecticut. US Pat. 78 were issued to them together on November 14, 1836. The subsequent advance in the green field was a steel wire found and patented in 1889 in New Haven, Connecticut, by William C. Perkins, of the New Haven Wire Goods Company, which received a Patent AS # 408,136 on July 30, 1889, for a hinged kayuhna that will hold the meat in its place while grilling.

1836 Circuit breaker

• Circuit breakers are auto-operated electrical switches designed to protect electrical circuits from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect fault conditions and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately stop the flow of electricity. Unlike fuses, which operate once and then need replacing, circuit breakers can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in various sizes, from small devices that protect individual household appliances to large switchgear designed to protect the high voltage circuits that feed the entire city. Inspired by the works of American scientist Joseph Henry and British scientist Michael Faraday, circuit breakers were created by an American, Charles Grafton Page.

1837 Polished polished cast steel alone

• Plows are tools used in agriculture for early planting of soil in preparation for sowing seeds or planting. It has become the basic instrument for most historical records, and is one of the great advances in agriculture. In modern use, hijacked fields are usually left to dry, and slashed before being planted. An American agricultural pioneer named John Deere modernized the plow by forming steel from an old sawmill and combining it with a wrought iron moldboard. Deere polishes both parts so that the damp ground is no longer attached. After patenting the device in 1837, it became an instant success and a necessity in American farms.

1839 Corn sharper

• Corn shooters or corn shooters, are machines used to peel or pull out their sweet corn ears from their silk. By feeding the sweet corn ears into concentric cylindrical breaks, they are parallel to the shaft cylinder axis in a hopper mounted on one side of the machine. When the rest of the cylinder rotates, the ear falls into every space between the sticks, and is kept in contact with the shooting cylinder by the pressure of the concave segment. The peeled grain fell under the machine and the sweet corn ear was delivered on the opposite side of the hopper, after contact with the cylinder for about four or five turns. The corn sheller was created by Lester E. Denison of Sayville, Connecticut who received the patent on August 12, 1839.

1839 Sleeping Car

• A sleeping or sleeping car is a train passenger car that can accommodate passengers in bed, especially to make a quieter night journey. The first cars were like seeing sporadic usage on American railroads in the 1830s and could be configured for coach seats during the day. The pioneer of the new mode of transcontinental travel is the Cumberland Valley Railroad which introduced the first sleeping car service in the spring of 1939. The sleeper car did not become commercially practical until 1857 when George Pullman invented Pullman's sleeping car.

1839 vulcanized rubber

• Vulcanization refers to a particular curing process of rubber that involves high heat and the addition of sulfur or other equivalent curative. This is a chemical process in which the polymer molecule is associated with other polymer molecules by an atomic bridge composed of sulfur atoms or carbon-to-carbon bonds. A wide range of products are made with vulcanized rubber including ice hockey pockets, tires, shoe soles, hoses and more. When the "rubber fever" struck Boston in the 1830s, there was a huge consumer demand for rubber products-aprons, life protectors, hats, train tops, and, in 1836, waterproof shoes. But in the hot summers, rubber goods turn into messy, foul-smelling; in winter, they froze stiffly. In 1839, Charles Goodyear had a breakthrough when he mixed the sap liquid with sulfur and heated it in the sun or on the stove. Leather-like shapes of a stretchable substance produce the first vulcanized rubber. Goodyear received a patent on June 15, 1844.

1839 Babbitt (metal) Babbitt, also called Babbitt metal or bearing metal, is one of several alloys characterized by its resistance to galling. Babbitt is most often used as a thin surface layer in a complex multi-metal structure, but its original use is as a bulk pad material placed in place. Babbitt Metal was invented in 1839 for use in steam engines by the American blacksmith Isaac Babbitt in Taunton, Massachusetts.

1840 Howe truss

• The Howe Frame is a special design of a trussed bridge in which the vertical windings in the voltage and diagonal windings are compressed. Howe propped his side up and toward the center of the bridge. The Howe Frame was patented in 1840 by William Howe.

1842 anesthesia

• Crawford Long, from Jefferson, Georgia, performed the first surgery using ether-based anesthesia development, when he removed a tumor from his neck. James Venable. Length does not reveal the practicality of using ether anesthesia until 1849.

1842 Grain Elevator

• Grain elevators are buildings or building complexes for grain storage and shipping. They were invented in 1842 in Buffalo, New York, by Joseph Dart, who first developed a steam-powered mechanism, called sea legs, to scoop the wheat out of the ship's hull directly into storage silos.

Ice Cream Maker 1843 (hand-made)

• Ice cream maker is a machine used to make ice cream in small quantities at home. The machine can mix the mixture by hand crank or with an electric motor, and can cool ice cream by using a freezing mixture, by cooling the engine first in the freezer, or by the machine itself cooling the mixture. The ice cream maker should freeze the mixture, and should simultaneously stir or stir it to prevent the formation of ice crystals and menganginasinya to produce soft and soft ice cream. In 1843, New England housewife Nancy Johnson invented a hand-cranked echo churn. He patented his invention but did not have the resources to create and market it himself. Johnson sold a $ 200 patent to a Philadelphia kitchen wholesaler who, in 1847, made the ice cream maker sufficient to meet the high demand. From 1847 to 1877, over 70 improvements for the patented ice cream maker.

1843 Some-evaporator effects

• A multi-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is a tool to efficiently use the heat from the steam to evaporate water. In 1843, Norbert Rillieux invented and patented a multi-effect evaporator in which his first installation and use were at the Louisiana sugar factory.

1843 Rotary printing machine

• The rotary printing machine is a printing press in which the image to be printed curved around the cylinder. In 1843, Richard Hoe created a revolution in printing by rolling a cylinder on a stationary plate of ink type and using a cylinder to make an impression on paper. This eliminates the need to create live impressions of the type plates themselves, which are heavy and difficult to maneuver.

1844 Pratt truss

• A Pratt truss is a special design of a trussed bridge where the vertical coils are compressed and the diagonal windings are in tension. Sliding down and toward the center of the bridge, Pratt scrolls therefore create Y and K-shaped patterns. As opposed to the Howe truss design, the Pratt truss was coined and patented together in 1844 by Thomas and Caleb Pratt.

1845 Pressure-sensitive tape

• Pressure sensitive bands, PSA tape, adhesive tape, self-stick tape, or masking tape consist of pressure-sensitive adhesive coated onto a support material such as paper, plastic film, cloth, or metal sheet. The first pressure-sensitive band takes the form of a surgical tape, coined by Dr. Horace Day in 1845.

1845 Maynard primary tape

• Maynard primary tape is a system designed to allow faster reloading of rifles that previously relied on small copped caps filled with mercury fulminate. Dr. Edward Maynard, a dentist interested in firearms, instilled a small pellet of coating material in a thin sheet of paper, then stuck the second paper over the first, creating a "ribbon" primer. The tape can be produced quickly and cheaply, because paper is much cheaper than copper. In 1845, Edward Maynard patented the discovery of his new firearms which, in later years, would be used extensively in the American Civil War.

1845 Baseball

• As a de facto national sports and hobby of the United States, baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players. Many historians attribute the origin of baseball to British stoolball and rounders sport as well as 18th and 19th century sports in North America, Old Cat and Town ball, all early precursors for baseball. However, the sport of bats and balls played in the United States, Europe, or elsewhere in the world before 1845 did not resemble the standards of modern rules such as baseball that have continued to be used since the mid-19th century. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright wrote the official rules and codification of the baseball rules formally known as the Knickerbocker Rules. 14 Cartwright original rules are somewhat similar to but not identical to rounders. The three exceptions designed by Cartwright include the provision that the playing field should be laid out in the form of diamond rather than the square used in kasti, dirty areas should be introduced for the first time, and the practice of retiring a runner by hitting him. with the ball thrown banned. On June 19, 1846, the Knickerbocker Rule was instituted for the first time when Cartwright's New York Knickerbockers competed against the New York Nine, in what was considered by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York as the "first modern of the Baseball game". With the myth Abner Doubleday creating debunked baseball and 46 years after his death, Cartwright in 1938, was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in the executive category. On June 3, 1953, the 83rd United States Congress unanimously credited Cartwright with creating a modern baseball sport.

1846 Transversal Shuttle

• Transversal Shuttle is a method for moving a coil on a sewing machine to create a lockstitch technique. Transverse transport carrying coils in a boat-shaped plane, and replying to shuttle along the horizontal axis straight. As the earliest bobbin driver, the transversal shuttle was patented by Elias Howe on September 10, 1846.

1846 Print telegraph

• The printing telegraph is a derivative of an electrical telegraph connecting two 28-key piano keyboard keys with electrical wires representing alphabet letters and when pressed causing the corresponding letter to be printed on the receiving end. The receiver will then receive a text message that can be read quickly on paper. This is in contrast to the electrical telegraphs that use the Morse Code 'dots' and 'lines' that need to be converted into readable text. After 1850, the printing telegraph was commonly used, namely along the east coast of the United States and in France. Telegraph printing was invented in 1846 by the Royal Earl House of Rockland, Vermont.

1847 Gas mask

• The gas mask is a mask worn over the face to protect the wearer from inhaling "air pollutants" and toxic gases. Masks form a closed cover on the nose and mouth, but can also cover the eyes and other soft tissues in the face. The gas mask was invented in 1847 by Lewis Haslett, a device containing elements that allow breathing through noses and funnels, breathe air through ball-shaped filters, and ventilate to exhale air back into the atmosphere. According to First Fact, it states that "a gas mask that resembles a modern type patented by Lewis Phectic Haslett of Louisville, Kentucky who received a patent on June 12, 1849". US Patent # 6,529 issued to Haslett, describes the first "Inhaler or Lung Protector" that filters dust from the air.

1847 Donuts (ring-shaped)

• Donuts or donuts, a fried dough type popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet (or sometimes savory) snack that can be made or bought in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls and outlets special franchise. They are usually sweet, fried from flour dough, and ring-shaped or flat spheres that sometimes contain fillings. Donuts have a long history, it is said Dutch creation was exported to New Amsterdam (now New York City) in the 1600s under the Dutch name Olykoeks - an "oily cake". However, the ring-shaped donut with the "hole" in the center is considered an American creation, which was supposed to be discovered in 1847 by Captain Hanson Gregory of Clam Cove, Maine.

1848 Tumbler pin lock

• The tumbler pin lock is a key mechanism that uses pins of varying length to prevent keys from being opened without the correct keys. Tumbler pins are most commonly used in cylinder locks, but can also be found in tubular or radial locks. The earliest pin-tumble locks were made more than 4,000 years ago by the Egyptians. But because of its large size and complex and because it is made of wood, the key is not practical to use. In 1848, Linus Yale, Sr. creating a modern pin-tumbler key. In 1861, Linus Yale, Jr. inspired by the original 1840 cylinder keys designed by his father, thus creating and patenting smaller flat keys with jagged edges as well as pins of varying lengths within the lock itself, the same pin design. lock-tumbler that is still in use today.

1849 Jackhammer

• A jackhammer, also known as a pneumatic hammer, is a portable percussion drill that is driven by compressed air. It is used to drill rocks and break concrete pavement, among other applications. This jabs with its bit, does not spin. Jackhammer operates by moving the internal hammer up and down. The hammer is first pushed down to hit the back of the bit and then back to restore the hammer to its original position to repeat the cycle. Bits usually recover from strokes by using springs. The earliest form of a jackhammer, a "drill percussion" was discovered in 1848 and patented in 1849 by Jonathan J. Couch of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In this exercise, the drill bit passes through the steam engine piston. The piston grabbed the drill bit and tossed it onto the stone surface. It is an experimental model.

1849 Security pin

• The security pin is a fasteners tool, a variation of a regular pin, which includes a simple spring mechanism and a buckle. The buckle serves two purposes, to form a closed loop so that it correctly ties a pin to whatever is applied, and to cover the tip of the pin to protect the user from a sharp point. The safety pin was invented by Walter Hunt, and patented in April 1849. The right to the invention sells for $ 400.

1850 Dishwasher

• Dishwashing cleans dishes, glasses, and cutlery. The first dishwasher is a wooden machine where someone will turn the handle to water the dish. It was discovered in 1850 by Joel Houghton of Ogden, New York. The device failed. Houghton received US patent # 7,365 on May 14, 1850. The first successful and practical dishwasher was discovered in 1886 by Josephine Cochrane. The motorized device spun the wheel while spraying soapy water and showering the cutlery. Cochran received US patent # 355139 for "Dishwashing Machine" on December 28, 1886.

1850 Feed dog

• Feed dogs are an important component of a "fall bait" sewing machine. A set of feed dogs typically resembles two or three short thin metal bars, cut with diagonal teeth, which move back and forth in the slots on the sewing machine needle plate. The goal is to pull ("feed") the fabric through the machine, in separate steps, between the stitches. Allen B. Wilson discovered it for a period of time from 1850 to 1854. US Patent # 12116 was issued on December 18, 1854.

1850 Shuttle vibrates

• A vibrating shuttle is a spindle driver design used in home lockstitch sewing machines during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It replaced the previous transversal shuttle design invented by Elias Howe in 1846, but was itself replaced by a later play hook. American cabinet maker Allen B. Wilson of Willet, New York created a vibrant space shuttle design in 1850. The patent owner of Bradshaw in 1848 declared a violation by Wilson. However, that is without justification. To avoid a lawsuit, Wilson renounced his interest in US Pat. # 7,776 issued to him on November 12, 1850. A.P. Kline and Edward Lee took ownership.

1850 Inverted Microscope

• Inverted microscope is a microscope with a light source and a condenser at the top, onstage pointing down, while the destination and the tower are under the stage that leads upward. Inverted microscope was invented in 1850 by J. Lawrence Smith, a member of the faculty of Tulane University and Medical College of Louisiana.

1851 Rotary hook

• The swivel hook is a driver design coil used in lockstitch sewing machines in the 19th and 20th centuries and beyond. It wins over competing designs because it can run at higher speeds with less vibration. The rotary hooks grasped the spindle, and continued to twist the yarn around it. The swivel hook was co-created by American cabinet makers Allen B. Wilson and Nathaniel Wheeler in 1851. US patent # 8,296 was issued to Wilson on August 12, 1851.

1851 Fire alarm box

• The fire alarm box is an outside device used to notify the fire department. The initial box uses a telegraph system and is the primary method of calling a fire brigade into the neighborhood in the days before people have phones. When the box is triggered, the spinning wheel spun and tapped the signal into the fire alarm telegraph wire, indicating the box number. The receiver at the fire station can then match the number to the environment. The city's fire alarm system started in Massachusetts. Invented by Moses G. Farmer, an engineer, and Dr. William Channing, a Harvard-educated Boston. Their revolutionary creations were installed in 1851 and consisted of 40 miles of wire and 45 boxes in Boston.

1852 Brake elevators

• An elevator or lift is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of buildings. In 1852, Elisha Graves Otis invented the first safety brake for an elevator that prevented the elevator from spiraling into a free fall between many floors inside the building.

1853 Burglar alarm

• A burglar alarm contains sensors connected to the control unit via a lowwire RF signal or a low voltage narrowband used to interact with the response device. Patented Alarm (US patent # 9802) on June 21, 1853, by Rev. Augustus Russell Pope of Somerville, Massachusetts. As the first person to commercialize the discovery of the Pope, Edwin Holmes obtained the Pope's patent in 1857 for US $ 1,500.

1853 Potato chips

• Potato chips, also known as chips in English English, are thinly sliced ​​potatoes that are fried or baked until crunchy. Potato chips serve as an appetizer, side dish or snack. The basic chips are cooked and salted, and additional varieties are produced using a variety of herbs and ingredients including herbs, herbs, spices, cheeses, and artificial additives. The original potato recipe was created by chef George Crum at Moon's Lake House near Saratoga Springs, New York, on August 24, 1853. Disgusted with the customers who kept sending their fries back complaining that they were too thick and wet, Crum decided to slice the potatoes so thin that can be eaten with a fork. Since they can not be fried as usual, he decides to fry potato slices. Against Crum's expectations, guests are very excited about the new chips and they soon become commonplace items in the inn's menu, and are known as "Saratoga chips".

1853 Clothespin spring

• The clip is a fastener with an action lever used to hang clothes for drying, usually on the clothing line. The clothesline often comes in many different designs. Although pegs of wood apparel have been around for decades, the "spring clamp" for the clothesline was patented by David M. Smith of Springfield, Vermont, in 1853.

1854 Breast Pump

• Breast pump is a mechanical device that extracts milk from a breastfeeding woman. Breast pumps can be manual devices powered by hand or foot movements or electrical devices powered by electricity or primary batteries. The first breast pump patented by O.H. Needham on June 20, 1854.

1855 Calliope

• Also known as a steam or steam piano organ, a calliope is a musical instrument that produces sound by transmitting gas, native vapor or more recent compressed air, through a large whistle, the original locomotive whistle. It is often played on river boats and in circuses, where it is sometimes mounted on carved, painted and gilded carts in a circus parade. Calliope was discovered in 1855 by Joshua C. Stoddard of Worcester, Massachusetts. US patent # 13.668 was issued to Stoddard on October 9, 1855.

1856 Egg beaters

• The egg beatter is a hand-mixing device for whipping, hitting, and folding groceries. It usually consists of a handle mounted on top of the piston, which pushes one or two beats. Shaker soaked in food to mix. In 1856, American miner Ralph Collier of Baltimore, Maryland, discovered and patented the first rotary egg beater with a rotating part. Collier was issued US patent # 16267 on December 23, 1856.

1856 Condensed milk

• Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed and added sugars, resulting in a very thick sweet product that can last for years without cooling if it has not been opened. Gail Borden discovered condensed milk in 1856 and was later used by soldiers during the American Civil War.

1856 sextant Equator

• Equatorial sextant is a navigation instrument used to obtain accurate bearing and position of the ship at sea, and to take azimuth, altitude, time and declination while making observations. Also known as Instrument altitude, equatorial equator was first discovered and made by William Austin Burt. He patented it on November 4, 1856, in the United States as US patent # 16002.

1857 Toilet paper (mass-produced and rolled)

• Toilet paper is a soft paper product (tissue paper) used to maintain personal hygiene after defecation or urination. However, it can also be used for other purposes such as absorbing spills or craft projects. Toilet paper in various forms has been used for centuries, namely in China. The ancient Greeks used clay and rock; Romans, sponges and saltwater. But according to a CNN article, the idea of ​​a commercial product designed solely to obliterate one's ass is by New York City businessman Joseph Gayetty, who in 1857 found the manila sheets of aloe vera weeded from similar boxes Kleenex. However, Gayetty toilet paper fails for several reasons. Americans are getting used to wiping down the Sears Roebuck catalog, they see no need to spend money on toilet paper when the catalog for their use comes by post for free, and because during the 19th century it was a social taboo to openly discuss the bathroom. cleanliness with others. The toilet paper took the next leap forward in 1890, when two brothers named Clarence and E. Irvin Scott from Scott Paper Company joined the roll of toilet paper.

1857 Pink lemonade

• Pink lemonade is a variant of lemonade that uses artificial flavors and colors as well as a natural source of juice (such as grenadine, cherry juice, grapefruit red juice, grape juice, cranberry juice, strawberry juice, and pomegranate) to color " pink". The earliest reference to the discovery of pink lemonade according to historian Joe Nickell, is that Pete Conklin found a drink in 1857 when he used pink water from a pair of horse riders to make his lemonade.

1857 Brown Truss

• Brown frames are a type of bridge frame, used in covered bridges. It is noted for the use of economical materials, taking the form of a box frame. There may be a vertical or almost vertical tension member, but no vertical member in the compression. In practice, when used in closed bridges, the most common application, the frame is protected by an outer coating. Brown Truss was created and patented by Josiah Brown Jr. in 1857.

1858 screws over Pepper shaker

• Salt and pepper are usually placed on the table in the restaurant and in the kitchen of the house. Used as a spice holder in Western culture, salt and pepper is designed to store and remove salt and edible soil pepper. The first pepper shaker with a screw cap was invented by John Landis Mason who received the patent on November 30, 1858.

1858 Mason jar

• In home canning, food is packed into a jar, and a steel cap is placed on top of a jar with an integral rubber seal located at the edge of the tube. The band is screwed loosely over the lid, which will allow air and steam to escape. By far, the most popular form of seal is the zinc screw cap, the precursor to screw cap today. The earliest glass jars are called wax sealers, because they use sealing wax, which is poured into the conduit around the lips held on the lid of the can. The earliest successful application was invented by John Landis Mason and patented on November 30, 1858, the date that arose on millions of bottles for food preservation and preservation.

1858 pencil eraser

• The pencil eraser is an article from the stationery that is affixed to the sharp end of the pencil tip. The eraser itself is usually made of rubber or synthetic rubber used to rub pencil errors on paper. On April 15, 1770, British inventor Joseph Priestley described gum to remove pencil marks. On March 30, 1858, Hymen Lipman received the first patent for conception and the idea of ​​installing an eraser on the end of a pencil. In 1862, Lipman sold his patent to Joseph Reckendorfer for $ 100,000, which demanded Faber-Castell pencil manufacturer for a violation. In 1875, the United States Supreme Court ruled against Reckendorfer stating that the patent was invalid.

1858 Iron board

• The ironing board is a portable table and can be folded with a heat-resistant pad used to remove wrinkles from clothes with iron and starch spray. The first ironing board was protected on February 16, 1858 by inventor William Vandenburg and James Harvey of New York City.

1858 Twine knotter

• A yarn binder is a mechanical tool or a machine wrapped in threads around the bunde

  Source of the article : Wikipedia