Smoky black is the color of a horse's hair feather where the fur is black or slightly brighter than the original black. Smoky black is produced by the action of the heterozygous cream gene (one copy) on the underlying black fur color. Therefore, smoky black is a member of the cream color dilution coat family, and is found in horse populations that have other cream-based color genes such as palomino, deer skin, perlino and cremello. All smoky black should have at least one parent with cream genes, and smoky black can be verified through DNA testing. Smokeless black has been mistaken for a faded black, dark or brown bay, grullo or even chestnut liver.
A smoky black horse usually looks like a dark horse and the dilution factor of the dilution gene is not visible. However, the mantle may somewhat more easily fade into a brown color if weathered or exposed to the sun. Conversely, just because a dark horse can fade in the sun does not always prove or deny that it is black smoky.
Two copies of the cream gene on the black base layer produce a smoky cream, creamy horse â € <â € Video Smoky black
Identify
The smoky black horse should always have at least one parent with a dilute cream gene and at least one parent carrying the "E" extension gene associated with black staining. This can happen in one of two ways: A horse can have a smoky black parent or a deer skin parent carrying both genes in a horse. Smoky black color can also be generated by breeding a horse only by dilution of the cream, such as palomino, into a bay or black horse that only carries the extension gene, but no liquid cream. As a foal, smoky blacks are usually quite silvery, and may be mistaken for grullos, especially when born with primitive relics. The smoky black horse is sometimes born with reddish hair tufts in their ears. However, these two traits are also seen in many of the original black horse as well.
While it's superficially resembling the color of other coats, experienced horse people often detect something "off" about a black smoky adult coat. The darkest colors among smoky blacks are almost indistinguishable from the original black but for a slightly glossy look often associated with sunlight bleaching. The most pale can be mistaken as a dull bay or chestnut of the liver, especially if exposed to the elements. The smoky black coat tends to react strongly to the sun and sweat, and a lot of smoky black turns into a brown color with a very reddish mane and tail. Bleaching because of the elements means that the foot retains its color better, and can take on the look of having dark spots like a bay horse. Smokeless blacks, however, will lack the rich red tones in the mantle, instead of supporting the brown and orange tones.
One way to visually identify some smoky black is with the eyes, which may be yellow even in adulthood. However, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish amber-brown eyes from normal dark brown eyes unless there are other horses available for direct comparison.
Maps Smoky black
Smoky black mimics
- Dark gulf: When smoky black fades from elemental exposure, their feet usually retain their color, giving them the appearance of a bay or a brown horse with a black dot. However, brown layers of smoky black smokes are reminiscent of orange rather than red or mahogany.
- Black: A true genetic black horse may still develop a sun-bleached coat, usually because of problems related to management and nutrition, although in some cases there may also be contributing genetic factors. Black look very similar to black smoke exposed to the sun, and often only genetic analysis or genetic testing can distinguish the two.
- Chocolate seal: The color of black seal hair that is completely black can sometimes be mistakenly identified as black smoky, or vice versa.
- Chestnut hearts: The pale blackest and most pale black smokes probably mimic the darkest of walnuts. Chestnuts do not have a true black tone in their coats, and will usually reveal a reddish character around the fetlock. Smokeless blacks usually have uniform black feet. Furthermore, chestnuts do not have yellow eyes.
- Classic champagne: Smoke-black smoke with amber eyes may be confused with champagne activity on black coat. The champagne horse has pink, mottled and green skin, brown or yellow eyes, as opposed to dark skin and brown or amber eyes of smoky black.
- Grullo: Grullo is the action of the genes dun with black. Usually, grullo coats have a cool slate color compared to a warm orange-brown color. Furthermore, grullos have dun characteristics such as thick dorsal lines and legs.
Genetic identification
Genetically, smoky black is a heterozygous black horse for cream genes. The mutation that produces the cream color is in the MATP gene in equine chromosome 21 (ECA21), and is an incomplete dominant feature. The incomplete dominant character differs from the recessive nature, which is only "visible" in homozygous state, and the simple dominant trait, which is equally "visible" in homozygous or heterozygous states. Instead, the MATP mutation is seen in a heterozygous state, but rather in a homozygous state. The difficulty in identifying smoky blacks has caused some people to describe black as a "masking" cream, but a smoky black is more aptly called "faint cream."
The location of the cream gene was published in 2003 and there are now DNA tests for cream genes. This test allows breeders to identify mysterious creams such as smoky blacks, black palominoes and deer skins, and creams whose coats are obscured by the action of gray genes or pattern genes such as pinto.
See also
- Cream gene
- Dilution genes
- Smoky cream
References
- Smoky Black Colorful Morgans. Retrieved on May 28, 2008.
- Colors and Signature Guides Retrieved on May 28, 2008.
- Smoky Black at Icelandic Horses Retrieved on May 28, 2008.
- Mariat, Denis; Sead Taourit; GÃÆ' Â © rard GuÃÆ'Â © rin (2003). "A mutation in the MATP gene causes the color of the cream feathers on the horse". Genet. Cell. Evol . INRA/EDP Sciences. 35 (1): 119-133. doi: 10.1051/gse: 2002039. PMC 2732686 . PMID 12605854.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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