Battery nine volts , or 9-volt batteries , is a common-sized battery that was introduced for the original transistor radio. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at the top. This type is usually used on walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke detectors.
The nine-volt battery form is commonly available in primary zinc-carbon and alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in a rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion. The mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common, have not been produced in a few years due to their mercury content. The designations for this format include NEDA 1604 and IEC 6F22 (for zinc-carbon) or MN1604 6LR61 (for alkaline). The size, regardless of chemistry, is generally defined as PP3 - a term originally used only for carbon-zinc, or in some countries, E or E-block
Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are built from six individual 1.5Ã, V LR61 closed cells in a wrapper. These cells are slightly smaller than AAAA LR8D425 cells and can be used in their place for some devices, although 3.5 mm shorter. Carbon-zinc type is made with six flat cells in a pile, covered in a humidity-resistant wrapping to prevent drying. Primary lithium type is made with three cells in series.
In 2007, a 9-volt battery accounted for 4% of sales of primary alkaline batteries in the US. In Switzerland in 2008, 9-volt batteries accounted for 2% of primary battery sales and 2% of secondary battery sales.
Video Nine-volt battery
Connector
The battery has both terminals in the snap connector at one end. Smaller (male) circular terminals are positive, and larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminals are negative contacts. The connector on the battery is the same as the connector itself; the smaller ones connect to the bigger and vice versa. The same snap style connector is used on other battery types in the Power Pack (PP) series. Polarization of the battery is usually obvious because mechanical connections are usually only possible in a single configuration. The problem with this connector style is that it is very easy to connect two shared batteries in a short circuit, which quickly release both batteries, generate heat and possibly fire. Due to this danger, nine volt batteries must be stored in their original packaging until they are used.
Maps Nine-volt battery
History
Early transistor radios and other equipment require a suitable voltage miniature battery. Early transistor radios require batteries 22 1 / 2 Ã, volt. Although the transistor would theoretically operate from a lower voltage, in 1954, the point contact transistor must be operated very close to the limit of V CB0 to obtain the required frequency response. Fortunately a suitable mini battery has been marketed for hearing aids (vacuum tubes). When transistors increase rapidly, especially when alloy transistors are introduced, radios can operate from lower voltages and battery manufacturers introduce appropriate batteries when demand arises. The PP3 (physically identical to 6LR61 or 1604A) appears when a portable transistorized radio receiver becomes common, and is still called a "transistor" battery by some manufacturers. The Eveready Company claims that they introduced this type of battery in 1956.
Technical specifications
The most common nine-volt battery type is usually referred to simply as 9-volt , though there is a more common nine-volt battery of any size. The code for regular size includes PP3 (for size and voltage, any technology), 6LR61 (IEC code for alkaline batteries), and in Japan 006P.
Battery size of PP3 is 48.5 mm ÃÆ' â € "26.5 mm ÃÆ' â €" 17.5 mm or 1.91 in 1.04 ÃÆ'â € "0.69Ã, in it. Both terminals are at one end and the center is 1 / 2 inch (12.7 mm) apart.
In a basic or carbon-zinc 9-volt battery there are six cylindrical or flat cells connected in series. Some brands use tabs that are internally welded to stick to cells, others press the foil strips on the ends of the cells.
Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMh) rechargeable batteries rated nominally 9V have between six and eight 1,2-volt cells. The lithium ion version usually uses two cells (3,7-4,2Ã, V respectively). There is also a lithium polymer and a low self-release NiMH version.
Previous mercury batteries are made in this size. They have a higher capacity than the standard carbon-zinc type, nominal voltage of 8.4 volts, and a very stable voltage. Once used in photographic instruments and measurements or longevity applications, they are no longer produced because mercury is a polluter of the environment.
Test and charge
Most battery voltage testers and chargers that can also test nine volts require another snap clip to hold the battery, while the cylindrical battery often shares a sizeable stand. Because of the proximity of positive and negative terminals at the top of the battery and the relatively low current of the most common batteries, an informal stress testing method is to place two terminals on the tongue. A strong tickle will show a battery with a strong charge, absence, a discharged battery. Although there are stories circulating about unfavorable results, the process is rarely dangerous under normal circumstances, although it may be unpleasant.
Lithium
9-volt Lithium battery is a battery with high energy density that can be replaced by consumers. In PP3 sizes, they are usually rated 0.8-1.2Ah (eg & Gam; 1.2Ah @ 900 ohm to 5.4V @ 23Â ° C for one type), about double the capacity of an alkaline battery. Manufacturers claim "High energy density, up to 5x more than base". Common applications for nine-volt lithium batteries are smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms, and electronic parking meters.
Other nine volt batteries
There are several other sizes of nine volt batteries. Two are still available, PP7 and PP9. This date is from the days of early transistor radios and is now less common than PP3. The PP4, PP5, PP6, PP10 and PP11 (this last battery is actually 4.5 4.5 volt battery) the size has long been obsolete. There is no PP2 size, and PP1 and PP8 are 6 volts (the latter, still available, designed for electric fencing use). On days of radio valves that use batteries specially designed for vacuum tubes, there is a nine volt grid biased battery or a battery (C) 'C' that has tapping for various voltages between 1.5 and 9.
See also
References
External links
- A Look Inside 9 Volt Battery
- What charger should I use?
- Your guide to household battery types (AAA, AA, C, D, and 9V)
- Neutral image of nine volt alkaline battery brand based on ANSI specification
- Neutral image of a nine-volt carbon-zinc battery based on the ANSI specification
- Neutral image of a nine-volt lithium battery based on the ANSI specification
- Neutral image of a nine-volt rechargeable battery brand based on the ANSI specification
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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