Gatlinburg is a mountain resort town in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. It is 39 miles (63 km) southeast of Knoxville. Its population is 3,944 at the 2010 Census, and 4,047 according to the 2012 Census estimate. This is a popular holiday resort, as it is located on the border of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park along Route 441 US, which links it to Cherokee, North Carolina, through a national park.
Video Gatlinburg, Tennessee
Geography
Gatlinburg is located on 35Ã, Â ° 43? 19? N 83Ã, Â ° 29? 58? W (35.721925, -83.499334). According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​10.1 square miles (26 km 2 ), all land.
Gatlinburg is surrounded on all sides by high mountains, with Le Conte and massif of Sugar Mountain going south, Cove Mountain to the west, Big Ridge to the northeast, and Grapeyard Ridge to the east. The main watershed is the West Fork of the Little Pigeon River, which flows from its source on the slopes of Mount Collins to the intersection with Little Pigeon in Sevierville.
The US 441 route is the main traffic artery in Gatlinburg, which passes through the city center from north to south. Throughout 441, Pigeon Forge is about 6 miles (9.7 km) to the north, and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (ie, Sugarlands) about 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south. TN-73 (Little River Road) cut from 441 in Sugarlands and headed west about 25 miles (40 km), connecting Gatlinburg area with Townsend and Blount County. The US 321 route enters Gatlinburg from Pigeon Forge and Wears Valley north before turning east, connecting Gatlinburg with Newport and Cosby.
Maps Gatlinburg, Tennessee
History
Initial history
For centuries, Cherokee hunters (and native American hunters already dating Cherokee) used a trail known as the Indian Gap Trail to access the abundant game in the woods and coves of the Smokies. This trail links the Great Indian Warpath with Rutherford's Rutherford Trail, following the modern Pigeon River's West Fork of the Little Pigeon River through modern Pigeon Forge, Gatlinburg, and Sugarlands, across the peaks of the Smokies along the slopes of Mount Collins, and down into North Carolina along the shores of Oconaluftee. US-441 mostly follows the same route today, though it is the epitome of the Newfound Gap than the Indian Gap.
While European and early-18th-century hunters and feather hunters may be traversed or camped in the flats where Gatlinburg is now located, Edgefield, South Carolina, William Ogle (1751-1803) who first resolved to settle permanently in the area. With the help of Cherokee, Ogle cut, cut, and put logs in the flat, planning to set up the cabin the following year. He returned home to Edgefield to take his family and grow one last harvest for supplies. Shortly after his arrival at Edgefield, however, the malaria epidemic swept the country low, and Ogle surrendered in 1803. His widow, Martha Huskey Ogle (1756-1827), moved the family to Virginia, where he had relatives. Around 1806, Martha Huskey Ogle and her brother Peter Huskey, along with her daughter Rebecca and her husband James McCarter, traveled across the Indian Gap Trail to what is now Gatlinburg, where William's logs await them. Shortly after their arrival, they set up a cabin near the meeting of Baskins Creek and West Fork of the Little Pigeon. The cabin still stands today near the heart of Gatlinburg. James and Rebecca McCarter settled in the Cartertown district of Gatlinburg.
In the decade after the arrival of Ogles, McCarters, and Huskeys in what came to be known as the White Oak Flats, a steady stream of settlers moved into the area. Most of these settlers were American Revolutionary veterans or War of 1812 who had turned into the 50-acre (200,000 m 2 ) deeds they received for service in the war. Among these early settlers were Timothy Reagan (c. 1750-1830), John Ownby, Jr. (1791-1857), and Henry Bohanon (1760-1842). Their descendants still live in the region today.
Radford Gatlin and Civil War
In 1856, a post office was established at the Radford Gatlin general store (c 1798-1880), giving the city the name "Gatlinburg". Although the city has its name, Gatlin, who had just arrived in the flat around 1854, constantly quarreled with his neighbors. In 1857, a large-scale dispute erupted between Gatlins and Ogles, possibly because of Gatlin's attempts to divert the city's main road. The US Civil War's night found Gatlin, who would become a Confederate sympathizer, in opposition to a fledged, mostly pro-Union population, and he was forced out in 1859.
Despite anti-slavery sentiments, Gatlinburg, like most Smoky Mountain communities, tries to stay neutral during the war. This changed when a Confederation Legion company Colonel William Holland Thomas occupied the city to protect a peter salt mine in Alum Cave, near the Tennessee-North Carolina border. The federal troops marched south from Knoxville and Sevierville to drive out Thomas's army, which built a small fort at Burg Hill. Lucinda Oakley Ogle, whose grandfather watched the next battle, then recounted his grandfather's memories:
... he told me when he was a sixteen-year-old during the Civil War and would hide under a huge cliff at the Nest Ridge Turkey and watch the Blue Coats ride their horses around the graves, firing their cannons to Burg Hill where Gray Coats owns a castle and will be riding their horses around Burg Hill...
When Union forces gathered in the city, the number of defeated Confederate members was forced to retreat across the Smokies to North Carolina. The Confederate forces would not return, although sporadic small attacks continued until the end of the war.
The turn of the 20th century
In the 1880s, discovery of band saw and railroads caused an explosion in the wood industry. As forests throughout the Southeastern United States are harvested, timber companies are forced to push deeper into the mountainous areas of the Appalachian highlands. In 1901, Colonel W.B. Townsend founded the Little River Lumber Company at Tuckaleechee Cove in the west, and the timber interests began to purchase extensive logging rights in the Smokies.
An important figure in Gatlinburg today is Andrew Jackson Huff (1878-1949), originally from Greene County. Huff set up a sawmill in Gatlinburg in 1900, and locals began to supplement their income by providing lodging for loggers and other timber company officials. Tourists also began dripping into the area, attracted to the Smokies by writers such as Mary Noailles Murfree and Horace Kephart, who wrote extensively the natural wonders of the region.
In 1912, the female fraternity of Pi Beta Phi established a settlement school (now Arrowmont Arts and Crafts School) in Gatlinburg after a survey in the region found that the city most needed educational facilities. While skeptics were initially worried that Pi Phis might be religious or opportunist propagandists, school enrollment grew from 33 to 134 in the first year of its operation. Together with providing basic education for children in the area, the school staff succeeded in creating a small market for local handicrafts.
Journals and letters from the resident school staff of Pi Beta Phi were a valuable source of information on everyday life in Gatlinburg in the early 1900s. Phyllis Higinbotham, a Toronto nurse who worked at the school for six years, wrote about the mountain people's confusion about the role of the nurse, their passion for contacting him about minor issues, and his difficulties with Appalachian customs:
I soon discovered that people were not accustomed to haste, and it took a long time waiting for patients and general conversations to find out what they really wanted, or to get a case history while visiting. I had to get used to getting most of the female symptoms from her husband, and not having heart failure when a messenger came with the news that this and that was "bad", "almost dead", or "fever."
Higinbotham complains that there is an unhealthy "lack of variety" in the diet of the mountain people and that they are not open to new suggestions. Food is often "too starchy," "not cooked well", and comes with certain advantages:
One of the doctors was called into several cases of honey poisoning. The men have robbed a few bee-bombs, eating a pound or two of each and passed out where they stood.
Evelyn Bishop, a Pi Phi who arrived at school in 1913, reported that the relative isolation of mountain peoples from American society enabled them to retain folklore that reflected their English and Scottish-Irish descent, such as Elizabeth's ballads.
Many times it is a ballad that the child learns first, there is no familiar Mother's Swan melody, and it is strange to listen to a little singing of old age, knights and 'madam' and perhaps a tragic death. from the lover.
Such isolation would attract folklorists like Cecil Sharp from London to the area in the years after World War I. Sharp's collection of Appalachian ballads was published in 1932.
National park
Extensive logging in the early 1900s led to increased calls by conservationists for federal action, and in 1911, Congress passed the Sunday Act to allow the purchase of land for national forests. Authors such as Horace Kephart and Knoxville-area business interests began advocating the creation of national parks in the Smokies, similar to Yellowstone or Yosemite in the Western United States. With the purchase of 76,000 acres (310Ã, km 2 ) from the Small River Company channel in 1926, the movement quickly became a reality.
Andrew Huff will be the spearhead of the movement in the Gatlinburg area. He opened the first hotel in Gatlinburg - Mountain View Hotel - in 1916. His son, Jack, would set up LeConte Lodge in Mount Le Conte in 1926. Despite opposition from loggers in the Elkmont and difficulties with the Tennessee National Park legislature, Great Smoky National Park Mountains opened in 1934.
The park changed Gatlinburg radically. When Pi Phis arrived in 1912, Gatlinburg was a small hamlet with six houses, a blacksmith shop, a general store, a Baptist church, and a community of more than 600 people, mostly living in log cabins. In 1934, the first year of the park, an estimated 40,000 visitors passed through the city. Within a year, this number has increased exponentially to 500,000. From 1940 to 1950, the cost of land in Gatlinburg increased from $ 50 to $ 8000 per acre.
While the advent of the park benefits Gatlinburg and makes many rich city dwellers, tourism explosions cause problems with air quality and urban sprawl. Urban infrastructure is often pushed to the limits on peak holidays, and must consistently re-adapt to accommodate more and more tourists.
Fire 1992
On the night of July 14, 1992, Gatlinburg gained national attention when the entire city block was burned down, due to the wrong wiring in the lamp. The Ripley's Believe It or Not! museum consumed by fire, along with arcade, haunted house, and souvenir shop. The fire stopped before it could take the Gatlinburg Space Needle across 32 floors. The block, known locally as "Rebel Corner", was rebuilt and reopened for visitors in 1995. Several artifacts from the Ripley's Museum were rescued. Those who were rescued were clearly marked by that title in a new museum. The fire spawned a new city center building code and a new downtown fire station. Ripley's has been burned twice since it reopened, once in 2000, and again in 2003. Both fires, by accident, were caused by a broken lamp. The fire of 2000 did not cause damage. The 2003 fire was contained in the exterior of the building and the museum suffered minimal damage, especially cosmetics.
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Beginning in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Chimney Tops, the strong winds, with gusts recorded up to 87 miles per hour, aggravate the very dry conditions of drought and spread what has become a wild fire that simply descends into Gatlinburg, Pigeon Forge, Pittman Center, and other nearby areas. It forced mass evacuations. Gov. Bill Haslam ordered the National Guard to the area. The Gatlinburg tourist district district escaped heavy damage, but the surrounding forest area was called "doomsday" by fire lieutenants. About 14,000 people were evacuated that night, more than 2,400 buildings were damaged or destroyed, and damages totaling more than $ 500 million. Fourteen lives were lost in the fire, some locals and others visited tourists. After the fire, Gatlinburg closed down and was considered a crime scene. The city reopened to residents only after a few days but held a tight curfew for more than a week and reopened to the public after the curfew was lifted. Two teenagers, aged 17 and 15, were arrested for starting an initial fire at Chimney Peak which would then sweep the city of Gatlinburg.
Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 3,382 people, 1,541 households, and 990 families living in the city. Population density was 333.4 people per square mile (128.8/km ²). There are 3,993 housing units with an average density of 393.7 per square mile (152.0/km²). City's racial makeup is 95.71 percent White, 0.15 percent African American, 0.56 percent Native American, 1.71 percent Asian, 0.03 percent Pacific Island, 0.86 percent of other races, and 0.98 percent of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 1.95 percent of the population.
There were 1,541 households out of which 17.8 percent had children under 18 living with them, 51.5 percent married couples living together, 9.0 percent had non-husbands female households, and 35.7 percent were not family. 29.7 per cent of all households are individual and 12.1 per cent have someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.64.
In cities, the population is spread by 14.9 percent under the age of 18, 6.6 percent from 18 to 24, 25.5 percent from 25 to 44, 32.8 percent from 45 to 64, and 20.3 percent at 65 years or more. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 women, there are 97.2 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 93.4 men.
The average income for households in the city is $ 37,606, and the average income for families is $ 40,813. Men have an average income of $ 24,283 compared to $ 19,250 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 19,678. 7.1 percent of the population and 5.8 percent of families are below the poverty line. 13.4 percent of those under the age of 18 and 6.7 percent of those aged 65 and older live below the poverty line.
Tourism
Gatlinburg is an important tourist destination in Tennessee, with many man-made attractions, and borders the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ober Gatlinburg is the only ski resort in Tennessee. It has eight ski trails, three chair lifts, a wildlife encounter area, and is accessible via roads and gondolas from the city strip. The Gatlinburg Trolley, a publicly funded public transport system, caters to regional travelers.
Another popular attraction is the Ripley Aquarium in the Smokies which also features special exhibits covering subjects such as the Titanic, the pirate, and more recently the planet Mars. The aquarium opened in 1997. A short distance away is Ripley's Haunted Adventure. Dollywood and Dollywood's Splash Country, both named Dolly Parton, are amusement parks located in nearby Pigeon Forge.
The Hollywood Star Cars Museum, which opened in 1996, features Mayberry squad cars, Beverly Hillbillies Street, DRAG-U-LA from The Munsters, Batmobile, Camaro from Charlie's Angels , General Lee, and Herbie the Love Bug, designed by George Barris.
The Salt and Pepper Shakers Museum houses over 20,000 shakers from around the world.
Several musical and family oriented theaters make their homes in Gatlinburg as well, including the Sweet Fanny Adams Theater, which houses musical comedies. In recent years, the number of musical performances in Gatlinburg has been reduced, with some performances going to Pigeon Forge and many places.
Gatlinburg also has a number crossing in downtown. The numbers hang from traffic lights or signs, and are written on official tourist maps. A similar idea was tried in Niagara Falls, New York, after the mayor of Niagara Falls then visited Gatlinburg and brought the idea back to Niagara Falls, although the idea was short-lived in New York and canceled due to budget problems.
During the Christmas season, the entire downtown area is adorned with lights for Winter Celebration. This celebration lasts from November to February. Visitors during the Winterfest Festival can also take the Trolley Ride of Lights from early November to the end of January for just $ 5.00. Visitors also benefit from the free shuttle bus that crosses the city every half hour.
Because of the ease of getting marriage certificates in Tennessee, Gatlinburg is a popular destination for weddings and honeymooners, with over twenty wedding chapels in the city and surrounding areas.
Climate
Famous people
- John Henninger Reagan, (1818-1905), politician who resides in Jefferson Davis Cabinet and US Senator from Texas.
References
External links
- Gatlinburg City Site
- The Gatlinburg Department of Tourism
- Anna Porter Public Library website
- Gatlinburg, Tennessee on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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